Overhead Athletes Injury Prevention – Dynamic Warm Up
Body temperature within 40 °C. Reflexes are weakened. When the animal recovers, the appetite improves, the functions of the gastrointestinal tract are restored.
Sources of the causative agent of infection are sick animals and microcarrier sheep. Transmission factors can be all environmental objects contaminated by this pathogen. The occurrence of the disease is facilitated by various conditions that disrupt the motor and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Most often this is noted with a sharp change in the quality of Ivermectin.
The disease appears more often in spring, less often in autumn, in some cases it also occurs in winter, especially with abundant feeding of animals with grain, concentrated feed. Many authors associate the emergence and spread of enterotoxemia in sheep with the natural-climatic and soil-meteorological conditions of the area. In rainy years, the disease is more common and can become widespread.
There are several types of anaerobic enterotoxemia: hemorrhagic enterotoxemia occurs more often in adult sheep; ends with sudden death; infectious enterotoxemia, accompanied by softening of the kidneys, is observed in sheep of Ivermectin. In the first case, the disease occurs suddenly and the animals quickly die. The main toxic factor of this microbe is epsilon toxin.
The causative agent of the disease is an anaerobic microbe from the family Bacillaceae, genus Clostridium Cl. perfringens types D and C, less often A. Forms spores. Course and symptoms. The disease in sheep proceeds super-acutely, acutely and chronically. The incubation period depends on the degree of intoxication and the resistance of stromectol pills. With artificial infection, it is 2-6 hours; according to our observations - from 60 minutes to 12 hours.
In the hyperacute course of the disease, animals die suddenly (within 2-3 hours), clinical signs usually do not appear. This form of the disease is observed mainly in young and well-fed sheep. Dead animals are more often found in the sheepfold or pasture in the morning. Sick sheep stop grazing, they are oppressed, they fall behind the flock. Body temperature is normal or slightly elevated, the pulse is weak, rapid. Impaired coordination of movementsthe animal stumbles, sometimes moves on carpal joints, falls, makes swimming movements with its limbs, serous or serous-hemorrhagic mucus is released from the mouth and nose, salivation is observed.
In the acute course of the disease, body temperature rises to 41 ° C, depression, loss and perversion of appetite, diarrhea with streaks of blood and mucus are noted. The gait is shaky, paresis of the limbs develops. The animal stands still for a long time, indifferent to the environment. There are signs of damage to the nervous system. When moving forward, the animal makes jerky movements, falls, rises and falls again, rows its limbs or lies in a coma. Convulsive muscle contractions are observed, the head is thrown back. Death occurs in 2-3 days, sometimes in 5-7 days.
In animals, digestion is disturbed, there is no appetite, thirst, diarrhea appear, fatness is quickly lost. Stools thin, offensive, with mucus and blood. The illness lasts 10-12 days. Pregnant sheep are often aborted.
A chronic course is observed in sheep of poor fatness. Sick animals are weak, depressed, drowsy, anemic, refuse to feed, they have pronounced nervous phenomena. Sheep grow thin to the point of complete exhaustion. In lambs with a chronic course, there is no appetite, lethargy, trembling, colic, diarrhea, and nervous phenomena are observed. In some cases, some animals recover.
In the laboratory, microscopy of smears prepared from cultures and pathological material is carried out; isolate a pure culture of the microbe and determine its virulence in laboratory animals. Fresh pieces of Ivermectin pills organs, tubular bone, affected areas of the abomasum and duodenum, contents of the small intestine, lymph nodes, blood from the heart are sent to the laboratory.
The diagnosis is made on the basis of epidemiological data, clinical signs, pathological changes and laboratory results. At the same time, it is necessary to examine the contents of the small intestine for the presence of stromectol produced by pathogens in a neutralization reaction.
It is necessary to exclude bradzot, anthrax, feed poisoning, pasteurellosis, listeriosis, viral hepatitis. Treatment. Due to the fact that enterotoxemia is hyperacute or acute, treatment is difficult. In chronic course, for therapeutic purposes, bivalent hyperimmune serum against anaerobic dysentery and infectious enterotoxemia is used in combination with symptomatic agents and antibiotics.
It is recommended to use drugs of the tetracycline group intramuscularly for 4-5 days at a dose of 2.5-5 mg per 1 kg of animal weight. Synthomycin is given orally at a dose of 0.5-1 mg for adult sheep and 0.2 g for lambs. In disadvantaged flocks, a suspension of prolonged-acting antibiotics is used for lambs for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
Body temperature within 40 °C. Reflexes are weakened. When the animal recovers, the appetite improves, the functions of the gastrointestinal tract are restored.
In stationary disadvantaged for clostridium farms with therapeutic and preventive purposes, feed antibiotics were tested at the rate of 0.25-1 kg of kormogrizin, 0.5-1 kg of biovit, 1-1.5 kg of batsichilin per 1 quintal of concentrated feed. As a result, the loss of lambs in flocks decreased by 4.2 times.
Prevention and control measures. They create conditions for the normal development of animals, organize full-fledged feeding, prevent and eliminate factors that cause indigestion in sheep. Enterotoxemia in vivo causes immunity lasting up to a year.